IELTS Reading 練習問題 — Set 8 解答・根拠
長い段落と高密度の論証を読み切る発展フルテストです。
The Unfinished Science of Soil Carbon
Choose the correct heading, i–ix.
Choose the correct heading for Paragraph A.
大きな貯蔵量と滞留時間の幅です。
Choose the correct heading for Paragraph B.
分子だけでなく環境が保護します。
Choose the correct heading for Paragraph C.
室内実験から野外への難しさです。
Choose the correct heading for Paragraph D.
空間差と深度です。
Choose the correct heading for Paragraph E.
土壌質量を考える計算です。
Choose the correct heading for Paragraph F.
条件差と外部投入です。
Choose the correct heading for Paragraph G.
飽和で増加率が下がります。
Do the statements agree with the information in the passage?
Chemically resistant molecules are the only long-lasting form of soil carbon.
鉱物表面等による保護もあります。
Surface sampling can miss an opposite change deeper in the soil.
本文と一致します。
The passage states that reduced tillage increases total-profile carbon everywhere.
一律増加ではありません。
Questions 11–13
Complete the sentences. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.
Field predictions must account for changing moisture and living 11. roots. Carbon percentages can mislead when management changes 12. bulk density. Policy should include emissions displaced from the measured 13. site.
How Institutions Learn from Near Misses
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Why are near misses valuable in high-risk fields?
重大事故が少ない中で弱点情報を得られます。
What is the problem with a simple no-blame policy?
行為の性質を区別する必要があります。
Why should investigators reconstruct the view before the outcome?
結果を知った後の過大評価を防ぎます。
What risk accompanies praise for staff adaptation?
無理な努力を恒常化する危険です。
Which paragraph contains the following information?
an indicator that can move in either direction for several reasons
報告数は多義的です。
a benefit and a loss created by removing identifying detail
匿名化の両面です。
a way technology may reproduce existing assumptions
分類前提を再生産します。
an example of recovery based on professional challenge
専門判断で事故を防ぎます。
a reason incidents may be renamed
数値目標を守るためです。
Questions 23–26
Complete the summary. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.
Reporting requires psychological 23. safety. Reviews should look beyond the person whose action is most 24. visible. Categories enable comparison while free text retains 25. context. Reporters need visible 26. feedback explaining decisions.
The Politics of Maintenance
Do the statements agree with the views of the writer?
Political systems tend to reward maintenance more visibly than new construction.
新設の方が評価されやすいです。
Maintenance can change an object’s function and users.
保守は継続的再設計でもあります。
Delaying a minor repair always increases cost at a constant rate.
損害は非線形に拡大します。
Formal asset systems can omit observations made by local workers.
現場知が伝わらない場合があります。
Night-time road maintenance eliminates the inconvenience caused by repair.
不便を別の人に移すだけです。
The author recommends predictive maintenance as the sole method.
複数方式の併用を勧めます。
Questions 33–40
Complete the summary. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.
Maintenance succeeds through the 33. absence of failure. Replacing parts can amount to continuous 34. redesign. Separate budgets may expand facilities while reducing 35. reliability. Contract division can block the travel of local 36. observations. Repair decisions distribute time, sleep and 37. safety. Predictive methods rely on trustworthy data and 38. models. Design should consider access and standardised replacement 39. parts. Some systems should be retired when they become obsolete or 40. harmful.