🍣 SUSHITAN IELTS READINGOriginal Practice Material

SET 3 · 6.5–7.0 · 60 minutes

Core — Answers & Evidence

抽象度と語彙レベルを上げた本番対応のオリジナル問題です。

各設問の正解、本文根拠、日本語解説を掲載しています。

Passage 1 · 20 minutes · Questions 1–13

The Hidden Science of Wayfinding

1. FALSE

Adding more arrows always solves navigation problems.

Evidence: navigation depends on the relationship between architecture, memory and decision-making

矢印だけでは解決しないという主旨です。

2. FALSE

Survey knowledge usually develops before route knowledge.

Evidence: generally develops only after repeated experience

survey knowledge は反復経験後に発達します。

3. TRUE

Identical corridors may be difficult to remember.

Evidence: offer few memorable cues

記憶に残る手掛かりが少ないと述べています。

4. FALSE

Colour is a dependable solution for every visitor.

Evidence: colour alone is unreliable

every と unreliable が矛盾します。

5. TRUE

Stress can reduce the attention available for navigation.

Evidence: less attention available

本文と一致します。

6. FALSE

Indoor phone navigation is more accurate than outdoor satellite systems.

Evidence: indoor positioning is less accurate

比較が逆です。

Questions 7–13

Complete the summary. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

People navigate using landmarks, routes and an overall 7. layout. Distinctive zones can provide memorable 8. cues. Visually attractive 9. symmetry may cause confusion when building wings resemble each other. Under stress, people often continue 10. straight ahead. Signs placed after a turn can provide 11. confirmation. Landmark-based phone directions were remembered more 12. successfully. Too many signs may compete for 13. attention.

7. layout

overall layout

8. cues

memorable cues

9. symmetry

Symmetry, though visually attractive

10. straight ahead

continue straight ahead

11. confirmation

confirmation signs

12. successfully

remembered these routes more successfully

13. attention

compete for attention

Passage 2 · 20 minutes · Questions 14–26

Farming on Water

14. FALSE

Floating beds remain at one fixed height.

Evidence: rise and fall with the water level

固定ではなく水位に合わせて上下します。

15. TRUE

Water hyacinth can create problems in waterways.

Evidence: an invasive plant that can block waterways

本文と一致します。

16. FALSE

Floating cultivation requires no labour.

Evidence: demands substantial labour

no labour と substantial labour が矛盾します。

17. TRUE

The platforms may provide habitat for aquatic life.

Evidence: shelter fish and other aquatic organisms

本文の言い換えです。

18. FALSE

Every type of floodwater is suitable for growing food.

Evidence: contaminated ... or salt can damage crops

every が不適切です。

19. FALSE

The method should be introduced with water hyacinth in all regions.

Evidence: would be irresponsible where ... not already present

全地域への導入を否定しています。

Questions 20–26

Complete the summary. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Farmers construct beds from aquatic plants and crop 20. residue. In Bangladesh, seedlings may begin in balls of 21. decomposed material. The method avoids using pumps to 22. drain fields. Nevertheless, farmers may require boats to reach the 23. market. Pollution and strong 24. currents can threaten production. The technique must be adapted to each local 25. water conditions. Scientific and farmer knowledge should be treated as 26. complementary.

20. residue

crop residue

21. decomposed

decomposed plant material

22. drain

pumps to drain

23. market

transport crops to market

24. currents

Strong currents

25. water conditions

local water conditions

26. complementary

knowledge as complementary

Passage 3 · 20 minutes · Questions 27–40

How Standards Quietly Shape Technology

27. TRUE

Users are most likely to notice standards when compatibility breaks down.

Evidence: notice standards only when they fail

本文と一致します。

28. FALSE

Every standard is created by a government authority.

Evidence: Others emerge through professional bodies, industry groups or widespread adoption

政府以外の成立経路があります。

29. FALSE

The dominant keyboard arrangement is described as technically perfect.

Evidence: without being technically optimal

perfect と not optimal が矛盾します。

30. TRUE

Network effects can make replacing an established standard difficult.

Evidence: A superior alternative can therefore struggle to replace an established ... system

本文と一致します。

31. FALSE

Small firms always have greater influence in standards meetings.

Evidence: smaller firms ... may be underrepresented

影響力が大きいとは逆です。

32. TRUE

Using one design can spread the effect of a flaw across many systems.

Evidence: many systems may be affected simultaneously

本文の言い換えです。

33. NOT GIVEN

The passage gives the ideal number of years between revisions.

Evidence: Standards evolve through revisions

改訂間隔の具体的年数はありません。

Questions 34–40

Complete the summary. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Standards allow products from different organisations to 34. interact. Some gain power through historical 35. use. A large user base makes 36. switching expensive. Standards discussions may reflect bargaining 37. power, not only technical judgment. Uniformity can produce common 38. vulnerabilities. Backward compatibility protects old equipment and 39. data. Transparent participation can make standard setting more legitimate and 40. adaptable.

34. interact

products ... interact

35. use

historical use

36. switching

switching becomes costly

37. power

bargaining power

38. vulnerabilities

common vulnerabilities

39. data

equipment or data unusable

40. adaptable

legitimate and adaptable