🍣 SUSHITAN IELTS READINGOriginal Practice Material
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SET 1 · 5.5–6.0 · 60 minutes

Foundation — Answers & Evidence

比較的読みやすいオリジナル問題で、IELTS Readingの基本形式に慣れます。

各設問の正解、本文根拠、日本語解説を掲載しています。

Passage 1 · 20 minutes · Questions 1–13

Why Small Libraries Still Matter

1. FALSE

Small libraries are now used only for borrowing books.

Evidence: Their value is not limited to lending books.

設問は「本を借りるためだけ」と限定しています。しかし本文Aでは、価値は lending books に限られず、静かな場所、ネット利用、地域情報なども提供すると述べています。only が本文と矛盾するため FALSE です。

2. TRUE

Some people rely on library staff because online public services can be difficult to use without suitable resources.

Evidence: People who lack one of these may turn to library staff for help.

本文Bでは、オンライン手続きには端末・安定した接続・デジタルフォームへの自信が必要で、それらを欠く人が図書館スタッフに助けを求めると説明されています。設問の内容は本文と一致します。

3. NOT GIVEN

All government documents can be renewed at small libraries.

Evidence: renewing documents or contacting government offices often requires a device...

本文には renewing documents という例はありますが、「全ての書類が小さな図書館で更新可能」とまでは述べていません。範囲を広げすぎているため NOT GIVEN です。

4. TRUE

Local collections can contain details that larger collections may miss.

Evidence: Large national collections are important, but they often overlook the ordinary details of a neighbourhood.

本文Cでは、大規模な全国的コレクションは重要だが、地域の日常的な細部を見落としがちだと述べています。local collections がそうした情報を保存するという流れなので TRUE です。

5. FALSE

Visitor totals are a complete measure of a small library’s value.

Evidence: These measures are easy to collect, but they do not capture informal advice, social contact or the confidence gained...

本文Dでは、貸出数や来館者数は集めやすいが、非公式な助言、社会的接触、自信の獲得などを捉えられないと述べています。complete measure という設問の断定は本文と矛盾します。

6. TRUE

Volunteers are presented as useful but insufficient for running small libraries.

Evidence: Volunteers can support small libraries, but they are not a complete solution.

本文Eの冒頭に Volunteers can support small libraries, but they are not a complete solution. とあります。useful but insufficient がこの文の言い換えです。

Questions 7–10

Complete the summary. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Small libraries help people use digital services by acting as a 7. bridge between online systems and citizens. They also preserve 8. local memory by keeping local records. Simple statistics may fail to show the 9. confidence gained by users. If libraries depend only on volunteers, access may become 10. uneven.

7. bridge
the library functions as a bridge between digital systems and citizens
8. local memory
Small libraries also preserve local memory.
9. confidence
the confidence gained by someone who learns to use an online service
10. uneven
access may become uneven
11. B

Which paragraph explains how libraries can reduce a form of digital exclusion?

Evidence: the library functions as a bridge between digital systems and citizens who might otherwise be excluded.

digital exclusion は、デジタル環境やスキルがないために手続きから取り残されることです。B段落では、図書館が digital systems と citizens の bridge になると説明しています。

12. D

Which paragraph warns that common evaluation methods may miss important library work?

Evidence: These measures are easy to collect, but they do not capture informal advice, social contact or the confidence gained...

D段落では、本の貸出数や来館者数だけでは、図書館の重要な働きを十分に測れないと述べています。evaluation methods may miss が do not capture に対応します。

13. F

Which paragraph best states the overall reason small libraries remain valuable?

Evidence: they combine several modest functions in one accessible place.

F段落は結論に近く、小さな図書館の価値は懐古ではなく、複数の小さな機能をアクセスしやすい場所で組み合わせている点にあると述べています。

Passage 2 · 20 minutes · Questions 14–26

The Return of Repair

14. FALSE

In the past, repairing everyday objects was unusual.

Evidence: repairing household objects was ordinary.

本文Aでは、20世紀の多くの時期に家庭用品の修理は ordinary(普通)だったと述べています。設問の unusual はこれと矛盾します。

15. TRUE

Repair cafés usually ask visitors to help with the repair process.

Evidence: Organisers often insist that owners participate

本文Bでは、主催者は所有者が participate することを重視すると述べています。修理をただ受け取るのではなく、一緒に関わるという内容です。

16. NOT GIVEN

All repair café volunteers are professional engineers.

Evidence: volunteers help people mend broken items

volunteers がいること、関連スキルを持つ人がいることは本文にあります。しかし「全員が専門エンジニア」とは述べられていないため NOT GIVEN です。

17. TRUE

The popularity of repair events suggests that consumers may care about more than convenience.

Evidence: the popularity of repair events suggests a more complex picture.

本文Cでは、消費者は単に便利さだけを選ぶという見方に対し、修理イベントの人気はより複雑な実態を示すと述べています。記憶やデザイン、廃棄への嫌悪も理由になります。

18. FALSE

Manufacturers and critics agree that sealed batteries make repair easier.

Evidence: sealed batteries... making home repair difficult.

本文Dでは、sealed batteries などが home repair を difficult にすると述べています。設問は easier としており本文と逆です。

19. FALSE

Right to repair rules are always effective once they are introduced.

Evidence: A rule that technically permits repair but prices parts too highly will have little effect.

本文Eでは、修理を認める規則があっても部品が高すぎれば効果は小さいと述べています。always effective という断定が本文に反します。

Questions 20–23

Complete the summary. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage.

Repair cafés are not designed only as a 20. free repair service. They encourage owners to learn how to 21. diagnose a fault. Some manufacturers use sealed parts or specialised screws, which may limit 22. independent repair. Right to repair laws may fail if spare parts are priced too 23. highly.

20. free repair
The aim is not simply to provide a free repair service.
21. diagnose
learning to diagnose a fault is part of the benefit.
22. independent
such design choices also restrict independent repair
23. highly
prices parts too highly
24. C

Which paragraph explains why repaired objects may have emotional value?

Evidence: Many owners feel attached to objects because of memory, design or dislike of waste.

C段落では、所有者が記憶やデザイン、廃棄を避けたい気持ちから物に愛着を持つと述べています。emotional value は feel attached の言い換えです。

25. E

Which paragraph discusses how legal measures may be weakened by practical details?

Evidence: The details matter. A rule... prices parts too highly will have little effect.

E段落では right to repair の規則について、部品価格や情報アクセスの条件によって実効性が変わると述べています。legal measures may be weakened が little effect に対応します。

26. TRUE

The writer’s main conclusion is that repair culture may change how people evaluate products.

Evidence: they may ask whether it can be opened, understood and maintained.

最終段落では、修理文化によって「新しいか・安いか」だけでなく「開けられるか、理解できるか、維持できるか」を問うようになると述べています。製品評価の基準が変わるという内容なので TRUE です。

Passage 3 · 20 minutes · Questions 27–40

The Limits of Predicting Creativity

27. Creativity is difficult to predict reliably.

What is the main problem introduced in Paragraph A?

Evidence: Yet prediction remains difficult.

A段落では、組織や学校が creativity を求めている一方で、prediction remains difficult と述べています。つまり、創造性を信頼性高く予測することが難しいという問題提起です。

28. TRUE

Traditional creativity tests may favour people who produce many quick verbal responses.

Evidence: they may reward speed and verbal confidence more than deep creative work.

B段落では、従来型テストが deep creative work よりも speed and verbal confidence を評価してしまう可能性があると述べています。many quick verbal responses はこの内容の言い換えです。

29. FALSE

A person who gives only one answer can never be highly creative.

Evidence: A quiet participant who develops one unusual solution slowly may appear less creative...

本文Bは、ゆっくり一つの unusual solution を考える参加者が、見かけ上は低く評価される可能性を述べています。これは実際に創造性がないという意味ではありません。can never という断定が本文と矛盾します。

30. FALSE

Past achievements always provide a fair indication of future creative potential.

Evidence: Past achievement can be meaningful, but it is also shaped by opportunity.

C段落では、過去の実績は意味を持つ場合もあるが、機会の差によって形作られると述べています。したがって、それが常に公平な指標になるわけではありません。always が本文と矛盾します。

31. NOT GIVEN

The passage states that portfolios are required for all science courses.

Evidence: A student with access to mentors, materials and time may build an impressive portfolio...

portfolio は実績の例として登場するだけです。「すべての科学コースで必要」という情報は本文中にないため NOT GIVEN です。

32. TRUE

Expert knowledge can both help and limit creativity.

Evidence: Knowledge is therefore both a resource and a constraint.

D段落の結論で、Knowledge is therefore both a resource and a constraint. と述べています。resource は助けになるもの、constraint は制約です。したがって TRUE です。

33. FALSE

Creative work is always best assessed by testing individuals separately.

Evidence: A test that isolates individuals may miss the social process by which creativity develops.

E段落では、個人を切り離したテストは、創造性が発展する social process を見落とす可能性があると述べています。always best assessed という断定は本文と反対です。

Questions 34–37

Complete the summary. Write ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Creativity tests that count many responses may overvalue speed rather than deep work. Earlier achievement is influenced by 34. opportunity, so it may reproduce 35. inequalities. In specialist fields, knowledge can be both a resource and a 36. constraint. Digital traces may show activity, but not necessarily 37. insight.

34. opportunity
it is also shaped by opportunity
35. inequalities
reproduce existing inequalities
36. constraint
Knowledge is therefore both a resource and a constraint.
37. insight
risk confusing activity with insight
38. C

Which paragraph questions the fairness of using earlier accomplishments to predict creativity?

Evidence: Predicting future creativity from past products can therefore reproduce existing inequalities.

C段落では、過去の実績が機会の差に左右され、将来の創造性予測に使うと不平等を再生産する可能性があると述べています。fairness of using earlier accomplishments がこの内容に対応します。

39. E

Which paragraph argues that creative products may depend on interaction among several people?

Evidence: ideas may emerge through conversation, criticism and revision.

E段落では、創造的な成果が個人だけでなく、会話、批判、修正を通して生まれると説明しています。interaction among several people はこの social process の言い換えです。

40. The Limits of Predicting Creativity

The best title for this passage is...

Evidence: prediction should be modest

本文全体は、創造性が重要である一方、従来テスト、過去の実績、専門知識、協働、デジタルデータのいずれにも予測上の限界があるという流れです。最終段落でも prediction should be modest と述べています。したがって、最も本文全体を表すタイトルは The Limits of Predicting Creativity です。